Phase equilibria in CaNaPO4-CaKPO4 system and their influence on formation of bioceramics based on mixed Ca-K-Na phosphates

An investigation of the two-component phase diagram of the CaNaPO₄- CaKPO₄system performed using various analysis techniques is reported. The continuous solid solution series of α-CaMPO₄ existing above 700 °C undergoes eutectoid decomposition during cooling to β-CaMPO₄-based solid solutions enriched with Na and K, and to an intermediate nonstoichiometric compound with an ideal composition of CaK_0.6Na_0.4PO₄. All three compounds exhibit significant volumetric effects associated with first-order phase transitions, with positive volume changes under cooling for the intermediate compound. Increased K content in ceramics based on CaK_yNa_1-yPO₄ compositions enhances the strength properties of those ceramics, including their fracture toughness, which is associated with increased density. Increased K content also has a smaller effect of inducing phase transformations accompanied by strong volume changes.     

Design of data feature-driven 1D/2D convolutional neural networks classifier for recycling black plastic wastes through laser spectroscopy

In this study, two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers are designed to handle the problem of classifying black plastic wastes. In particular, the black plastic wastes have the property of absorbing laser light coming from spectrometer. Therefore, the classification of black plastic wastes remains still a challenging problem compared to classifying other colored plastic wastes using existing spectroscopy (i.e., NIR). When it comes the classification problem of black plastic wastes, effective classification techniques by the laser spectroscopy of Fourier Transform-Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman to analyze the classification problem of black plastic wastes are introduced. Due to the strong ability of extracting spatial features and remarkable performance in image classification, 1D and 2D CNN through data features are designed as classifiers. The technique of chemical peak points selection is considered to reduce data redundancy. Furthermore, through the selection of data features based on the extracted 1D data with peak points is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DCNN classifier designed with the help of 2D data feature selection as well as 1DCNN classifier shows the best performance compared with other reported methods for classifying black plastic wastes.     

含Euxyl K220的复合防腐剂在化妆品中的防腐效果研究

为寻求新型复合防腐剂,研究了含有Euxyl K220的不同种类复合防腐剂在化妆品基质中的作用效果并进行评价。选择4种防腐剂按照不同方法复配,利用微生物挑战性试验验证复配后的复合防腐剂在化妆品基质中的防腐效果。结果发现,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯质量分数低于0.1%时,含Euxyl K220的复合防腐剂抑制细菌效果稍好,抑制霉菌效果较差,不能通过挑战性试验,而当存在Euxyl PE9010时,抑制细菌、霉菌效果均较好,能通过挑战性试验;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯质量分数在0.1%~0.2%时,含Euxyl K220的复合防腐剂抑菌效果最好,Euxyl K220在相对较低的质量分数(0.08%)下即能通过挑战性试验。研究制备的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(质量分数0.2%)和Euxyl K220(质量分数0.08%)复合防腐剂,以及对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(质量分数0.05%)、Euxyl K220(质量分数0.1%)和Euxyl PE9010(质量分数0.2%)复合防腐剂应用于受试样品中均通过了挑战性试验且用量较低,该两种新型复合防腐剂的应用可行性较高。     

Alpha‐Lipoic Acid Supplementation Reduces mTORC1 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle from High Fat Fed,Obese Zucker Rats

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is hyperactive in liver, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues of obese rodents. Alpha‐lipoic acid (αLA) has been well accepted as a weight‐loss treatment, though there are limited studies on its effect on mTOR signaling in high‐fat fed, obese rodents. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine mTOR signaling and oxidative protein alterations in skeletal muscle of high‐fat fed, obese rats after αLA supplementation. Phosphorylation of the mTOR substrate, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) and eIF4B were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in muscle from αLA supplemented rats. Activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), an mTOR inhibitory kinase, was higher (p < 0.05) in the αLA group. Protein expression of markers of oxidative metabolism, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR), and PPAR gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after αLA supplementation compared to non‐supplemented group. Our findings show that αLA supplementation limits the negative ramifications of consuming a high fat diet on skeletal muscle markers of oxidative metabolism and mTORC1 signaling.     

检测水中耗氧量影响因素的探讨

文章从加热时间、加热温度、滴定温度、K值等方面,利用正交试验和验证实验来探讨水中耗氧量检测时各因素的主次关系,从而优化实验条件,提高检测结果的准确度。实验表明:加热时间对耗氧量的影响因素最大,第二为加热温度,第三为K值,影响最低的为滴定温度。水中耗氧量检测时,加热温度应95℃,加热时间为32 min,k值控制在0.96~1.04。     

氟钽酸钾结晶工艺研究

氟钽酸钾结晶过程,本身就是一个提纯过程。研究了氟钽酸钾的结晶工艺,主要研究氟钽酸钾的结晶过程中除去杂质钙和碳的方法以及冷却方式改进,从而获得最佳的的氟钽酸钾结晶工艺条件,生产出符合要求的氟钽酸钾产品。     

不同显色体系利用分光光度法测定钙镁离子含量比较

利用分光光度法比较了3种显色体系——酸性铬蓝K、铬黑T、酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B在测定钙镁离子浓度时所需试验条件的差异。结果表明:利用酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B混合溶液作为显色剂时,所得钙镁离子浓度标准曲线拟合度好,结果准确。     

Production of aromatics by catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose was studied at 500°C using a ZSM‐5 catalyst in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor constructed from a 4.92‐cm ID pipe. Inert gas was fed from below through the distributor plate and from above through a vertical feed tube along with cellulose. Flowing 34% of the total fluidization gas through the feed tube led to the optimal mixing of the pyrolysis vapors into the catalyst bed, which experimentally corresponded to 29.5% carbon aromatic yield. Aromatic yield reached a maximum of 31.6% carbon with increasing gas residence time by changing the catalyst bed height. Increasing the hole‐spacing in the distributor plate was shown to have negligible effect on average bubble diameter and hence did not change the product distribution. Aromatic yields of up to 39.5% carbon were obtained when all studied parameters were optimized. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1320–1335, 2014